Hyakunin Isshu, Poem 21
ima komu toihishi bakari ninagatsuki noariake no tsuki womachi-idetsuru kana
???????????????????????????
just because you said "I'll come right away"I have ended up waitingfor the wan crescent of the moonin the morning sky of the Ninth Month
The Buddhist Priest Sosei (c. 844-910)
Sosei Hoshi by Kano Tan'yu, 1648
The complaint of a woman who has waited a long night for her lover who didn't show up. 
Although the writer is a man, this poem has been written from the point of view of a woman. That is clear from the fact that in the Heian-period women almost never left their houses; it were the men who came visiting, also in the case of (secret) love affairs. As her lover has told her he will come soon, she keeps waiting for him during a long, autumnal night, hoping that he will appear, but all she finally sees is the "ariake no tsuki," the moon that it left in the sky while it is already getting light in the early morning. Ironically, this was the time that lovers usually would leave and head for home.
Such a "morning moon" only appears after the sixteenth day of the lunar month, when the moon is waning - so it is not a full moon but a crescent. "Nagatsuki" refers to the Ninth Month of the lunar calendar (mainly our August), when the nights are long and the moon is beautiful. 
The only point where interpretations may differ in this poem, is how long the woman has been waiting. Kokinshu scholars agre...